|
Earth moving equipments are basically engineering machines and vehicles used in engineering construction. These equipments are used in various works like construction, mining, agriculture, waste management, logging and military engineering. As these machines are always associated with earthwork so they are most often called earth moving equipments. These equipments are also known by other names such as engineering vehicles or construction equipment or heavy equipment and so on. Earthmovers are heavy machines or compound machines made up of four or five simpler machines. They are designed to perform many different tasks at the same time. They also multiply the force exerted. This means that the output force is much greater than the input force. These machines are basically made up of five systems namely implement, information, traction, control, power train and structure. Most of these machines and heavy equipments make use of hydraulics for power transfer.
There are several earth moving equipments and tools available today. Some of the implementation work tools are: Backhoe – It is an excavating equipment with digging bucket at the end. It is attached to the back of a tractor. Several other equipments can be attached to this machine for various purposes. It is used in digging the earth Hydraulic hammer – demolishes concrete structures or rocks. It makes use of a powerful percussion hammer that is fitted to an excavator. Road Roller – road roller is used to compact soil, gravel, asphalt or concrete in construction of foundations or roads. This heavy machine compresses the surface on which it is rolled. Pile driver – as the name suggests this engineering equipment drives piles into the soil. Pile driving is generally used to make the foundations of buildings or constructions stronger. Grapple – a grapple is a simple machine. It is a sort of hook or claw to get hold of something. Grapple can be attached to other heavier vehicles or machines for larger uses. Excavator bucket – it is a bucket like tool attached to a heavy vehicle like the hook of a crane or the arm of an excavating machine to collect or scoop soil, waste and other such things. Engineering equipments make use of the above mentioned tools for various purposes. Some engineering equipments are: Crane – it is a lifting machine. With simple equipments attached to it like a bucket or a rake, it can lift and move heavy loads. It is essentially used to move soil, construction debris, or wastes. Bulldozer – it is heavy machine used to push large quantities of rubble, soil, sand etc during construction work. It is a tractor with a dozer blade. Drilling machines- These are massive structures used to drill holes or wells in the earth. These are mostly used to drill water wells or oil wells. Feller Buncher – It is a tool for cutting and logging trees. It is a large machine that cuts trees in place. There are several other earth moving equipments available like combat engineering vehicles, scraper, land filler, grader, front loader, trencher, tunnel boring machines and much more. each serves a different and unique purpose and are very useful in civil engineering and construction. |